Our systems are now restored following recent technical disruption, and we’re working hard to catch up on publishing. We apologise for the inconvenience caused. Find out more

Recommended product

Popular links

Popular links


Elements of Structural Equation Models (SEMs)

Elements of Structural Equation Models (SEMs)

Elements of Structural Equation Models (SEMs)

Kenneth A. Bollen , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
November 2025
Not yet published - available from November 2025
Paperback
9781009312844

Looking for an inspection copy?

This title is not currently available for inspection.

c.
£44.99
GBP
Paperback
GBP
Hardback

    Elements of Structural Equation Models (SEMs) blends theoretical foundations with practical applications, serving as both a learning tool and a lasting reference. Synthesizing material from diverse sources, including the author's own contributions, it provides a rigorous yet accessible guide for graduate students, faculty, and researchers across social, behavioral, health, and data sciences. The book covers essential SEM concepts – model assumptions, identification, estimation, and diagnostics – while also addressing advanced topics often overlooked, such as Bayesian SEMs, model-implied instrumental variables, and categorical variables. Readers will gain insights into missing data, longitudinal models, and comparisons with Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). By presenting complex technical content in a clear, structured way, this authoritative resource deepens readers' understanding of SEMs, making it an indispensable guide for both newcomers and experts seeking a definitive treatment of the field.

    • Presents detailed but accessible coverage of structural equation models (SEMs), introducing both foundational and cutting-edge techniques
    • Consolidates a wide array of advanced topics often neglected in SEM texts, including Bayesian SEMs, categorical variables, identification rules, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), longitudinal models, and higher-order factor analysis
    • Serves as an unparalleled resource on structural equation models, featuring innovative insights from a leading expert in structural equation models

    Reviews & endorsements

    'Ken Bollen has written yet another gem that any researcher should have on their book shelf. It is hard to believe he could top his original text on SEM, but that is exactly what he has done here. Elements offers a comprehensive and modern perspective on the foundations of SEM presented in a clear and accessible style by one of the world's experts in the field. This will serve as the gold standard for years to come.' Patrick J. Curran, Professor of Quantitative Psychology, University of North Carolina, USA

    'In Elements of Structural Equation Models (SEMs), Prof. Bollen delivers an outstanding textbook suited for diverse audiences. Graduate students, researchers, and experienced practitioners will find great value in its clarity and depth. By presenting complex concepts in an accessible manner without oversimplification, this book reinforces Prof. Bollen's legacy as a leading voice in the field.' Silvia Bianconcini, Professor of Statistics, University of Bologna, Italy

    See more reviews

    Product details

    November 2025
    Paperback
    9781009312844
    500 pages
    254 × 178 mm
    Not yet published - available from November 2025

    Table of Contents

    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Building blocks and tools
    • 3. Multiple regression as a structural equation model
    • 4. Simultaneous equation models
    • 5. Confirmatory factor analysis
    • 6. Latent variable structural equation models
    • 7. Structural equation models with categorical indicators and outcomes
    • Afterword.
      Author
    • Kenneth A. Bollen , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

      Kenneth A. Bollen is the Henry Rudolph Immerwahr Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience and Sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a leading expert in structural equation models and author of Structural Equations with Latent Variables (1989). Kenneth's pioneering work has earning him many prestigious awards including the Psychometric Society's Career Award for Lifetime Achievement, the Lazarsfeld Award for Distinguished Contributions to Sociological Methodology, and the Sells Award for Distinguished Multivariate Research.